Chapter 2
detailed summary tables of results

 2.1 List of integrals sorted by grade for each CAS
  2.1.1 Rubi
  2.1.2 Mathematica
  2.1.3 Maple
  2.1.4 Maxima
  2.1.5 FriCAS
  2.1.6 Sympy
  2.1.7 Giac
  2.1.8 Mupad
 2.2 Detailed conclusion table per each integral for all CAS systems
 2.3 Detailed conclusion table specific for Rubi results

2.1 List of integrals sorted by grade for each CAS

2.1.1 Rubi

A grade: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 }

B grade: { }

C grade: { }

F grade: { }

2.1.2 Mathematica

A grade: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 82 }

B grade: { 5, 8, 10, 18, 25, 57, 61, 80, 83 }

C grade: { }

F grade: { 75, 78, 81, 84 }

2.1.3 Maple

A grade: { 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 39, 40, 44, 45, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72 }

B grade: { 27, 69 }

C grade: { 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 83 }

F grade: { 1, 3, 8, 10, 16, 18, 23, 25, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 56, 57, 62, 63, 67, 68, 75, 78, 81, 84 }

2.1.4 Maxima

A grade: { 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 22, 34, 39, 45, 53, 54, 58, 59, 61, 72 }

B grade: { 8, 10, 12, 15, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 51, 52, 56, 57, 73, 76 }

C grade: { }

F grade: { 1, 3, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 55, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 }

2.1.5 FriCAS

A grade: { 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 39, 40, 44, 45, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 79, 82 }

B grade: { 3, 10, 12, 15, 18, 25, 27, 58, 61, 69, 74, 77, 80, 83 }

C grade: { 1, 8, 16, 23, 75, 78, 81, 84 }

F grade: { 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 56, 57, 62, 63, 67, 68 }

2.1.6 Sympy

A grade: { 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 39, 40, 44, 45, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72 }

B grade: { }

C grade: { }

F grade: { 1, 3, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 56, 57, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 }

2.1.7 Giac

A grade: { 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 39, 40, 44, 45, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 72 }

B grade: { 12, 15, 58, 61 }

C grade: { }

F grade: { 1, 3, 8, 10, 16, 18, 23, 25, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 56, 57, 62, 63, 67, 68, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 }

2.1.8 Mupad

A grade: { 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 39, 40, 44, 45, 49, 50, 54, 55, 59, 60, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72 }

B grade: { 5, 12, 15, 20, 27, 53, 58, 61, 64, 69, 73, 76, 79 }

C grade: { }

F grade: { 1, 3, 8, 10, 16, 18, 23, 25, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 56, 57, 62, 63, 67, 68, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 }

2.2 Detailed conclusion table per each integral for all CAS systems

Detailed conclusion table per each integral is given by table below. The elapsed time is in seconds. For failed result it is given as F(-1) if the failure was due to timeout. It is given as F(-2) if the failure was due to an exception being raised, which could indicate a bug in the system. If the failure was due to integral not being evaluated within the time limit, then it is given just an F.

In this table,the column normalized size is defined as \(\frac {\text {antiderivative leaf size}}{\text {optimal antiderivative leaf size}}\)











Problem 1 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F C F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 129 129 159 0 0 425 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.23 0.00 0.00 3.29 0.00 0.00 -0.01
time (sec) N/A 0.150 0.258 1.207 0.000 0.558 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 2 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.016 3.228 1.243 0.000 0.609 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 3 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F B F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 84 84 118 0 0 288 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.40 0.00 0.00 3.43 0.00 0.00 -0.01
time (sec) N/A 0.083 0.091 1.220 0.000 0.592 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 4 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.016 2.553 1.261 0.000 0.482 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 5 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A B A A A A A B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 26 26 57 39 31 44 42 30 69
normalized size 1 1.00 2.19 1.50 1.19 1.69 1.62 1.15 2.65
time (sec) N/A 0.023 0.026 0.125 0.325 0.494 2.722 0.274 0.624




















Problem 6 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.017 2.284 0.916 0.000 0.499 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 7 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.017 2.327 1.077 0.000 0.558 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 8 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A B F B C F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 228 228 639 0 805 683 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 2.80 0.00 3.53 3.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.369 3.220 2.691 0.828 0.584 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 9 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.023 14.067 2.457 0.000 0.440 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 10 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A B F B B F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 125 125 268 0 607 451 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 2.14 0.00 4.86 3.61 0.00 0.00 -0.01
time (sec) N/A 0.159 4.728 2.621 0.653 0.667 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 11 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.023 14.061 2.030 0.000 0.444 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 12 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A A B B F B B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 45 45 86 61 98 94 0 84 102
normalized size 1 1.00 1.91 1.36 2.18 2.09 0.00 1.87 2.27
time (sec) N/A 0.051 0.400 0.790 0.494 0.476 0.000 0.342 1.160




















Problem 13 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.022 31.523 2.241 0.000 0.478 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 14 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.022 17.442 2.273 0.000 0.492 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 15 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A A B B F B B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 90 90 167 94 3543 183 0 211 491
normalized size 1 1.00 1.86 1.04 39.37 2.03 0.00 2.34 5.46
time (sec) N/A 0.076 0.086 0.863 0.581 0.517 0.000 0.309 10.321




















Problem 16 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-1) C F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 396 396 488 0 0 1445 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.23 0.00 0.00 3.65 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.946 1.190 2.177 0.000 0.660 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 17 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.026 1.494 1.716 0.000 0.573 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 18 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A B F F(-2) B F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 271 271 987 0 0 1055 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 3.64 0.00 0.00 3.89 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.569 3.910 1.404 0.000 0.680 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 19 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.025 1.244 1.366 0.000 0.443 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 20 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A A F(-1) A F A B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 63 63 66 73 0 261 0 84 163
normalized size 1 1.00 1.05 1.16 0.00 4.14 0.00 1.33 2.59
time (sec) N/A 0.118 0.149 0.666 0.000 0.540 0.000 0.505 1.681




















Problem 21 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.025 1.037 0.924 0.000 0.573 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 22 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.017 0.247 0.047 0.000 0.495 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 23 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) C F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 1124 1124 2033 0 0 3032 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.81 0.00 0.00 2.70 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 2.378 9.390 3.862 0.000 0.880 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 24 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.025 15.461 3.057 0.000 0.481 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 25 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A B F F(-2) B F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 616 616 2446 0 0 1906 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 3.97 0.00 0.00 3.09 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 1.201 15.291 3.213 0.000 0.874 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 26 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.024 11.874 2.198 0.000 0.485 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 27 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A B F(-1) B F A B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 120 120 158 261 0 536 0 174 2755
normalized size 1 1.00 1.32 2.18 0.00 4.47 0.00 1.45 22.96
time (sec) N/A 0.242 0.679 0.772 0.000 0.494 0.000 0.538 5.672




















Problem 28 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.024 22.841 2.479 0.000 0.475 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 29 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.024 17.957 2.967 0.000 0.657 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 30 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05
time (sec) N/A 0.025 18.286 3.134 0.000 0.454 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 31 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 432 432 445 0 1498 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.03 0.00 3.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.426 0.574 2.041 4.119 0.624 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 32 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 316 316 333 0 956 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.05 0.00 3.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.289 0.384 1.577 0.887 0.590 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 33 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 200 200 260 0 534 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.30 0.00 2.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.178 0.430 1.722 0.940 0.480 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 34 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.017 5.841 2.002 0.000 0.768 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 35 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.017 6.795 2.058 0.000 0.470 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 36 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 695 695 1242 0 6399 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.79 0.00 9.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.820 22.408 4.309 3.087 0.587 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 37 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 513 513 779 0 3856 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.52 0.00 7.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.612 14.102 4.128 1.600 0.511 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 38 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 333 333 449 0 1943 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.35 0.00 5.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.432 7.659 3.578 2.004 0.511 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 39 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.021 39.908 3.405 0.000 0.527 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 40 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.022 21.049 3.404 0.000 0.459 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 41 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 1075 1075 1176 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 1.493 2.307 1.785 0.000 0.518 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 42 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 807 807 898 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 1.218 1.802 1.965 0.000 0.532 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 43 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 539 539 659 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.972 1.493 2.273 0.000 0.488 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 44 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.026 2.249 2.150 0.000 0.505 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 45 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.015 0.581 0.042 0.000 0.618 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 46 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F(-2) F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 3205 3205 3831 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 4.240 14.942 3.015 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 47 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 2385 2385 2829 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 3.362 14.295 2.924 0.000 0.579 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 48 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 1565 1565 1729 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 2.699 14.924 2.583 0.000 0.543 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 49 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.024 41.707 3.058 0.000 0.567 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 50 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.024 29.406 3.015 0.000 0.514 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 51 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 258 258 286 0 730 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.11 0.00 2.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.238 0.456 2.121 0.567 0.446 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 52 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 144 144 191 0 370 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.33 0.00 2.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01
time (sec) N/A 0.126 3.653 1.623 0.577 0.458 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 53 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A A A A A A B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 26 26 52 32 31 43 56 30 73
normalized size 1 1.00 2.00 1.23 1.19 1.65 2.15 1.15 2.81
time (sec) N/A 0.022 0.094 0.451 0.352 0.537 4.332 0.355 2.471




















Problem 54 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.03
time (sec) N/A 0.014 6.354 2.099 0.000 0.475 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 55 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.03
time (sec) N/A 0.014 6.369 2.109 0.000 0.476 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 56 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 421 421 749 0 2815 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.78 0.00 6.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.538 8.381 4.521 0.608 0.483 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 57 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A B F B F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 241 241 681 0 1221 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 2.83 0.00 5.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.326 3.842 4.087 0.768 0.475 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 58 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A A A B A B B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 47 47 93 62 52 94 88 83 111
normalized size 1 1.00 1.98 1.32 1.11 2.00 1.87 1.77 2.36
time (sec) N/A 0.053 0.433 1.129 0.332 0.576 8.936 0.962 2.152




















Problem 59 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.022 20.728 3.533 0.000 0.528 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 60 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.022 22.211 3.546 0.000 0.481 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 61 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A B A A B F B B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 24 24 57 24 34 56 0 70 94
normalized size 1 1.00 2.38 1.00 1.42 2.33 0.00 2.92 3.92
time (sec) N/A 0.021 0.038 0.800 0.442 0.481 0.000 0.622 2.326




















Problem 62 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 675 675 757 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 1.116 1.910 1.882 0.000 0.548 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 63 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 407 407 512 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.865 10.702 2.199 0.000 0.652 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 64 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A A F(-2) A F A B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 66 66 68 74 0 275 0 84 159
normalized size 1 1.00 1.03 1.12 0.00 4.17 0.00 1.27 2.41
time (sec) N/A 0.105 0.212 1.566 0.000 0.662 0.000 0.644 2.303




















Problem 65 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.025 3.577 2.230 0.000 0.536 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 66 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.025 3.480 1.983 0.000 0.677 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 67 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 1977 1977 2293 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 2.985 13.346 3.151 0.000 0.446 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 68 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A F F(-2) F F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 1157 1157 846 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 2.140 8.096 2.753 0.000 0.640 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 69 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A B F(-2) B F A B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 125 125 172 263 0 576 0 174 2737
normalized size 1 1.00 1.38 2.10 0.00 4.61 0.00 1.39 21.90
time (sec) N/A 0.215 0.692 1.534 0.000 0.560 0.000 0.297 5.351




















Problem 70 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.024 27.355 3.200 0.000 0.475 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 71 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A F(-1) A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04
time (sec) N/A 0.024 28.498 3.024 0.000 0.662 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 72 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade N/A A A A A A A A A
verified N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.03
time (sec) N/A 0.049 2.843 2.771 0.000 0.506 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 73 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A C B A F F B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 45 45 61 158 128 62 0 0 106
normalized size 1 1.00 1.36 3.51 2.84 1.38 0.00 0.00 2.36
time (sec) N/A 0.050 0.133 2.316 0.464 0.506 0.000 0.000 2.159




















Problem 74 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A C F B F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 141 141 185 731 0 384 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.31 5.18 0.00 2.72 0.00 0.00 -0.01
time (sec) N/A 0.109 0.219 2.878 0.000 0.532 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 75 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A F F F C F F F
verified N/A Yes N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 221 221 0 0 0 557 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.52 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.184 3.960 3.438 0.000 0.576 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 76 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A C B A F F B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 80 80 102 275 207 116 0 0 182
normalized size 1 1.00 1.28 3.44 2.59 1.45 0.00 0.00 2.28
time (sec) N/A 0.092 0.703 2.254 1.253 0.503 0.000 0.000 2.171




















Problem 77 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A C F B F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 214 214 286 674 0 568 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.34 3.15 0.00 2.65 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.200 6.282 1.949 0.000 0.600 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 78 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A F F F C F F F
verified N/A Yes N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 377 377 0 0 0 886 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.35 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.396 12.739 5.073 0.000 0.574 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 79 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A C F(-1) A F F B
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 85 85 79 315 0 301 0 0 229
normalized size 1 1.00 0.93 3.71 0.00 3.54 0.00 0.00 2.69
time (sec) N/A 0.154 0.255 2.662 0.000 0.593 0.000 0.000 2.311




















Problem 80 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A B C F(-1) B F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 338 338 1003 1332 0 1259 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 2.97 3.94 0.00 3.72 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.621 5.069 3.790 0.000 0.703 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 81 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A F F F(-1) C F F F
verified N/A Yes N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 499 499 0 0 0 1697 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 0.941 1.879 3.674 0.000 0.667 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 82 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A A C F(-1) A F F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 156 156 176 712 0 630 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 1.13 4.56 0.00 4.04 0.00 0.00 -0.01
time (sec) N/A 0.286 0.948 2.953 0.000 0.559 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 83 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A B C F(-1) B F F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 778 778 2839 2865 0 2455 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 3.65 3.68 0.00 3.16 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 1.302 10.321 2.860 0.000 0.859 0.000 0.000 0.000




















Problem 84 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac Mupad










grade A A F F F(-1) C F F F
verified N/A Yes N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 1417 1417 0 0 0 3785 0 0 -1
normalized size 1 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.67 0.00 0.00 -0.00
time (sec) N/A 2.442 10.666 7.378 0.000 0.911 0.000 0.000 0.000










2.3 Detailed conclusion table specific for Rubi results

The following table is specific to Rubi. It gives additional statistics for each integral. the column steps is the number of steps used by Rubi to obtain the antiderivative. The rules column is the number of unique rules used. The integrand size column is the leaf size of the integrand. Finally the ratio \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) is given. The larger this ratio is, the harder the integral was to solve. In this test, problem number [23] had the largest ratio of [.6667]

Table 2.1:Rubi specific breakdown of results for each integral














# grade
number of
steps
used
number of
unique
rules
normalized
antiderivative
leaf size
integrand
leaf size
\(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand leaf size}}\)







1 A 10 6 1.00 16 0.375







2 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







3 A 8 5 1.00 16 0.312







4 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







5 A 4 3 1.00 14 0.214







6 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







7 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







8 A 15 11 1.00 18 0.611







9 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







10 A 10 7 1.00 18 0.389







11 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







12 A 5 5 1.00 16 0.312







13 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







14 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







15 A 5 3 1.00 12 0.250







16 A 13 8 1.00 18 0.444







17 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







18 A 11 7 1.00 18 0.389







19 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







20 A 5 5 1.00 16 0.312







21 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







22 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







23 A 31 12 1.00 18 0.667







24 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







25 A 22 10 1.00 18 0.556







26 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







27 A 7 7 1.00 16 0.438







28 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







29 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







30 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







31 A 20 7 1.00 18 0.389







32 A 16 7 1.00 18 0.389







33 A 12 7 1.00 16 0.438







34 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







35 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







36 A 30 10 1.00 20 0.500







37 A 24 10 1.00 20 0.500







38 A 18 10 1.00 18 0.556







39 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







40 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







41 A 23 9 1.00 20 0.450







42 A 19 9 1.00 20 0.450







43 A 15 9 1.00 18 0.500







44 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







45 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







46 A 61 11 1.00 20 0.550







47 A 49 11 1.00 20 0.550







48 A 37 11 1.00 18 0.611







49 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







50 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







51 A 14 7 1.00 20 0.350







52 A 10 6 1.00 20 0.300







53 A 4 3 1.00 20 0.150







54 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







55 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







56 A 21 10 1.00 22 0.454







57 A 15 11 1.00 22 0.500







58 A 5 5 1.00 22 0.227







59 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







60 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







61 A 3 3 1.00 14 0.214







62 A 17 9 1.00 22 0.409







63 A 13 8 1.00 22 0.364







64 A 5 5 1.00 22 0.227







65 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







66 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







67 A 43 11 1.00 22 0.500







68 A 31 12 1.00 22 0.546







69 A 7 7 1.00 22 0.318







70 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







71 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







72 A 0 0 0.00 0 0.000







73 A 5 4 1.00 20 0.200







74 A 9 6 1.00 22 0.273







75 A 11 7 1.00 22 0.318







76 A 6 6 1.00 22 0.273







77 A 11 8 1.00 24 0.333







78 A 16 12 1.00 24 0.500







79 A 6 6 1.00 22 0.273







80 A 12 8 1.00 24 0.333







81 A 14 9 1.00 24 0.375







82 A 8 8 1.00 22 0.364







83 A 23 11 1.00 24 0.458







84 A 32 13 1.00 24 0.542